(Beijing Daily News, June 28) At around four o'clock in the morning, the first beam of light shone toward the southernmost tip of Beijing, and the bronze-colored roof of the terminal building of Daxing International Airport was brilliant and dazzling. The sun shines through more than 8,000 pieces of glass on the roof, instantly illuminating the five-star red flag in the center of the terminal building.

This is a construction miracle belonging to the Chinese. Since the start of construction at the end of 2014, the builders have created China's first "three vertical and one horizontal" omnidirectional airport runway, and built the world's largest single terminal with the most difficult construction.

Zhu Wenxin, deputy director of the Airport Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, revealed on the 27th that Daxing Airport has achieved a major shift from project construction to operation preparation. The 83 main projects put into operation in this period will be completed by the end of June. According to the plan, the operation preparation units will conduct joint debugging and joint testing of facilities and equipment, and the on-site units will conduct 6 large-scale simulation exercises. The Civil Aviation Administration will also carry out industry acceptance and airport license review in 5 batches to ensure Daxing Airport 9 Have the conditions for commissioning before the end of the month.

speed degree

"The terminal building started in March 2016 and will be open to navigation in September 2019." A while ago, foreign colleagues visited Daxing Airport, and the builders "frightened" their colleagues.

It is the speed of Chinese construction that "scares" foreign counterparts. Beijing Daxing International Airport is positioned as a "large international hub airport", located between Yufa Town, Lixian Town, Daxing District, Beijing and Guangyang District, Langfang City, Hebei Province. The current period is based on the passenger throughput of 72 million passengers and cargo and mail throughput in 2025. The target design is for a capacity of 2 million tons and an aircraft takeoff and landing capacity of 620,000 sorties. The building area of ​​the terminal building is approximately 1.4 million square meters, and the volume is equivalent to the sum of the capital airport terminal 1, 2 and 3. It is the world's largest single terminal building, but the construction period is only 40 months . In foreign countries, it often takes 10 years to build a terminal of this size.

Who created this speed?

During the critical time of the construction of the terminal structure, Xiong Jifu, deputy production manager of the Beijing urban construction project responsible for the construction of the main terminal, had to direct more than 8,000 workers in one day. In the 10 months before and after, the workers persisted from the scorching heat to the severe winter, binding 210,000 tons of steel bars and pouring nearly 1 million cubic meters of concrete. “Workers can build 25 18-storey buildings with the concrete poured every month, and the steel bars tied up in 10 months can build almost two Liaoning ships.” What makes Xiong Jifu even more excited is that steel, formwork, concrete, etc. The quality of sub-projects is also fully controlled, with a pass rate and a pass rate of 100%.

Being in a super-long and super-wide foundation pit, transporting materials has become the biggest problem. Even if there are 27 large tower cranes swinging their arms at the main terminal building at the same time, the materials will have to be transported three times to reach the center. Project manager Li Jianhua took the lead in building two leaping steel trestle bridges in the north and south in the foundation pit, laying 4 railroad tracks, and for the first time a "small train" was used in a domestic housing construction project, and the efficiency was immediately increased by 3 to 4 times.

The five corridors radiating from the middle test the builder's physical strength even more. Guo Shuangchao, the project manager of Beijing Construction Engineering, the construction party of the corridor, calculated an account: 5 corridors are equipped with 14,000 glass curtain walls of different shapes, and the length of the glass joints can be glued around Beijing Fourth Ring Road. The busiest time The running mileage of the project team management personnel in the section is nearly 40 kilometers in a single day, which is equivalent to a marathon a day.

……

Because of them, Daxing Airport started the construction "acceleration".

The terminal building was erected in 40 months, the size is equivalent to the three terminal buildings of the old airport

Angle

The corridor design kills two birds with one stone, short walking distance + large number of parking spaces

If the airport terminal is too large, new problems will follow.

Capital Airport T3 is shaped like a dragon, 2.9 kilometers long from north to south. For airport operations, the long and narrow terminal building can have enough length to park aircraft. But inevitably, this also increases the distance from check-in to boarding. At T3, it takes 26 minutes for passengers to reach the farthest gate from the check-in area.

The larger Daxing Airport terminal, will a similar situation repeat itself?

As early as 2010 when the terminal building plan was solicited, the radial terminal building plan jointly handed over by the French Paris Airport Group Architectural Design Company and Zaha Hadid Architects was eye-catching. This plan radiated five corridors from the center and became the prototype of Daxing Airport. The novel shape quickly became popular at home and abroad. Some people call it a "starfish", while others like it to an alien base. Later, the official decision board described the plan as "Phoenix Spreading its Wings", which not only had traditional meaning, but also "dragon and phoenix present auspiciousness" to T3 in the north.

According to industry insiders, the “radial” terminal building is outstanding because of the 60-degree acute angle formed between the corridors, which allows the terminal building to have a longer outline to set up parking spaces and shorten the boarding distance of passengers. .

According to the distribution of functions, the core area of ​​the Daxing Airport terminal is mainly provided for passenger check-in, while the boarding gates are distributed on five corridors. Guo Shuangchao gave the reporter a plan: the three corridors in the southeast, central and southwest of the terminal are 411 meters long, and the northeast and northwest corridors are 298 meters long. "This will ensure that the distance from the center of the terminal to the boarding gates is maximized. Optimized, the travel distance of passengers from the terminal hall along the corridor to the farthest boarding gate is no more than 600 meters, and the time required is no more than 8 minutes." He said.

These five corridors will also become the "finishing touch" of Daxing Airport in the future. The reporter learned from a recent visit that open-air "sky gardens" were set up at the ends of the five corridors, which were named "Silk Garden", "Tea Garden", "Porcelain Garden", "Pastoral Garden" and "Chinese Garden".

In the China Garden, ancient construction worker Xu Haitao has been busy for two months for a gatehouse. The Chinese Garden is the only one with buildings among the five sky gardens. Although it is only more than 400 square meters, it covers almost all the characteristics of traditional Chinese ancient buildings such as the octagonal pavilion, pavilion, corridor, and Xieshan top.

degree of difficulty

"Zahha Curve" finally becomes a reality, and travelers are like being in a sunny canyon

Daxing Airport is also known as a gift left by the late designer Zaha Hadid to Beijing. Before handing over to the Chinese design team, Zaha and Paris Airport Group Architectural Design Company polished the terminal design plan for 6 months. This incorporates the well-known "Zahha Curve".

In a building of the same size, such a design has not been seen before: 8 C-shaped pillars support the 180,000 square meters of roof in the core area of ​​the terminal building. These 8 C-shaped pillars are like flowers, extending naturally from the roof to the ground. The C-shaped column is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The narrowest part at the bottom is only 3 meters, and the maximum span at the top reaches 23 meters, forming an oval skylight of about 800 square meters. In the middle of the commercial area, the "Sunshine Canyon" was born. Sunlight pours down from the skylight, like a waterfall of light, giving people a sense of openness, transparency and flow.

Travelers follow the light and can easily find the direction of the corridor. "After lighting simulation, when the weather is good, it is basically possible to not turn on the lights in the terminal building during the day." said Wang Xiaoqun, the chief design officer of the Beijing New Airport Project of Beijing Construction Institute. From a height, the commercial area is like a canyon. It is an urban living room for passengers from all directions; the dining area on the mezzanine floor of the check-in hall becomes a natural viewing platform, which overlooks the interior of the airport and changes light and shadow.

The excellent drawings were handed over to the hands of Xianjun, the general engineering section of the main terminal building project, and it immediately became a world-class problem. In reality, it is not easy to weave a beautiful "Zahha curve" from hard steel. Duan Xianjun is called "the giant panda in the company" by his colleagues, and he is good at tackling the most difficult technical problems.

The roof grid of the main terminal building weighs more than 30,000 tons, which is the weight of most of the bird’s nest steel structure; the span is 180 meters, and the height difference between the highest and lowest points is about 30 meters. The distance between the 8 C-shaped columns reaches 200 meters, and even a water cube can be placed in the middle. Looking further up, there are 12,300 ball nodes on the crisscrossed roof grid, and the total length of 63,000 steel pipes is close to 500 kilometers. Such intricate roof construction, support, installation, and lifting are all shocking steps.

After numerous discussions and optimizations of technical schemes, the construction scheme was finalized, "Division construction, division unloading, overall closure". According to the central skylight and the strip skylight, the entire roof is divided into 6 partitions, and various methods such as in-situ assembly, block elevation, and cumulative elevation are used for different partitions and parts. A total of 26 unit block enhancements and 13 blocks are required. The unit is assembled in situ, 31 small closes, 7 unloads, and 1 large close.

In order to ensure that every component on the roof can be accurately in place, a batch of the most advanced equipment such as digital 3D simulation technology, measuring robots, 3D scanning inspection, 3D space coordinate measurement, ultrasonic nondestructive inspection, etc. are applied to the construction. When the steel structure is successfully capped, the error is controlled within two millimeters, the weld seam of more than 190,000 meters is perfect, and the first pass rate is as high as 100%.

precision

The lighting is automatically adjusted by the chip, and the air-conditioning does not see the air outlet

Compared with colleagues in overcoming structural difficulties, Zhang Zheng is responsible for opening up the "meridians" of the terminal building. In the main terminal building of the new airport alone, there are 108 sets of mechanical and electrical equipment, and various pipelines cross and converge. The scale and difficulty are unprecedented in the history of airport construction in the world.

In the information system room on the basement level of the main terminal building, the pipeline changes from thick to thin, and the last line is only a few millimeters thin. In this computer room alone, there are 200,000 contacts.

The air-conditioned computer room not far away was extremely cramped, and Zhang Zheng could only squat in. The overhead pipeline is divided into more than a dozen layers, and there are countless pipelines on each layer, but they lead to all directions. If you hadn't witnessed it with your own eyes, you wouldn't believe that such an intricate pipeline can be organized.

In 2016, the civil structure of the terminal building had not yet been completed, and Zhang Zheng, who was responsible for the later equipment installation, had already started. In other words, if the project has not been completed, he has to determine the location and direction of the pipeline inside, and make a three-dimensional drawing. In just 6 months, the team he led converted 6,300 mechanical and electrical construction drawings into an intuitive three-dimensional model and 700 three-dimensional deepening drawings, and discovered more than 200,000 construction possibilities in the virtual exercise. All the "soft and hard collisions" that occurred have been dealt with in advance.

The world's largest and most technically complex mechanical and electrical installation problems have been overcome, which also paved the way for the intelligent operation of the new airport. A total of 45,000 sets of lamps have been installed in the core area of ​​the terminal building, spreading a 50,000-meter-long light strip. "In the future, the lights that passengers will see in the public area of ​​the main terminal will have a chip inside. The lights can be automatically controlled according to the intensity and time of natural light." Zhang Zheng said that in the spring and autumn of Beijing, it will be implemented in the terminal. Fresh air operation directly reduces energy consumption by more than 30%. In the air conditioning system, PM2.5 removal devices, electrostatic dust removal devices, high-pressure micro-mist humidification devices, etc. are also installed to make the air in the terminal more fresh.

More advanced is the 15,000 square meters cold radiant ceiling air-conditioning system installed on the arrival and departure floors. This system no longer uses the old air outlets, but only relies on the radiant panels on the ceiling to "distribute" a more comfortable natural wind. The new equipment of "knowing cold and hot" reduces transmission energy consumption while saving air duct installation space. The height of each floor is increased by at least 30 cm on average, making the terminal building more open and bright.

According to the design requirements, Beijing Daxing International Airport will become a real green and sponge airport. It is reported that the terminal building has obtained the national green building three-star and energy-saving building three-A design certification, and 100% of the buildings on the site meet the green building one-star and above standards.

New airport highlights

1. The first runway attempt "three verticals and one horizontal"

The first phase of Beijing Daxing International Airport's construction of 4 runways adopts the "three vertical and one horizontal" omnidirectional configuration, which is the first time in China.

The width of the West 1, East and North runways are all 60 meters, the West Second Runway is 45 meters wide; the West First, West Second and North runways are all 3800 meters long, and the East Runway is 3400 meters long. This configuration is suitable for the air operation characteristics of the Beijing-Tianjin area, can reduce the aircraft's air operation time and ground taxi distance, is beneficial to improve the air-ground integrated operation efficiency, and reduce the noise impact on the surrounding area.

2. Double Departure Double Departure Double Arrival Relieve Congestion

The third and fourth floors of the new airport terminal are the departure floors, and there are two viaducts in front of the building. The first and second floors are the arrival floors, which are respectively for international arrivals and domestic arrivals.

The double-layer design is mainly for the consideration of capacity requirements. Take the T3 terminal as an example, a large number of vehicles need to stop by the side of the road, which creates a great traffic pressure. The design of double-departure and double-decker arrival will effectively alleviate the congestion of entry and exit.

3. The parking building can realize smart parking

Beijing Daxing International Airport parking building is located on the north side of the airport. It is divided into two parking buildings, three floors above ground and one basement. There are 4388 parking spaces, including 630 charging parking spaces, and nearly 10,000 square meters of convenient service facilities.

The first floor of the east building of the parking building introduces AGV intelligent parking equipment, with a total of more than 100 parking spaces. AGV intelligent parking equipment can increase the efficiency of parking space by 30%, and it can also greatly enhance the parking experience of passengers. Passengers only need to park their cars in the parking area, and they can leave directly, and the AGV robot will take over the rest of the work.

4. "The Sixth Corridor" with hotel office area

The comprehensive service building on the north side of the terminal building is like the "Sixth Corridor", which provides the nearest hotel and business office area for the new airport. The whole building is divided into north and south sections. The southern section near the terminal is for commercial and office functions, and the northern section is for hotel functions. Office projects total 45,900 square meters, commercial projects 21,700 square meters, and hotel projects 69,400 square meters. Together, this comprehensive service building has an area of ​​more than 130,000 square meters.

The comprehensive service building is connected to the new airport terminal building, and the bridge is only about 10 meters long. In the future, passengers will be able to reach the new airport terminal directly on the basement, first and second floors.

Chengdu Kefu Te serves Beijing Daxing Airport

Prior to this, the ground well equipment system for the parking bays of No. 1-12 corridor bridges constructed by Chengdu Kefut Aviation Equipment Co., Ltd. had successfully passed the completion acceptance on April 30.

Layout of each floor of Daxing Airport

5th floor: Talking to relatives and friends (dining)

4th floor: International Departure and Domestic Departure Floor

3rd floor: Domestic departure floor

2nd floor: Domestic arrival floor

1st floor: International arrival floor

1st basement floor: transfer center (transfer to high-speed rail, subway, intercity rail)

2nd floor underground: rail line platform